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Constellation Diagram of FSK in Detail

 

Let's assume we are transmitting carrier signal fc1 for the transmission of binary bit '1' and carrier signal fc2 for the transmission of binary bit '0'.

Energy per bit (Eb):

(For transmission of binary ‘1’)







(For transmission of binary ‘0’)









Constellation Diagram of FSK















Fig 1: Constellation Diagram of FSK

 In the above figure values are in terms of the normalized functions. √(2/Tb).cos2Пf1t and √(2/Tb).cos2Пf2t are orthogonal functions in the interval (0, Tb). And the distance between signaling points, d12 = √(2Eb)
By interpreting these functions as vectors, the phase angle between the resulting vectors will be 90 degrees.   

Using more frequency shifts to display multiple symbols or bits of digital data is known as high-order frequency shift keying (FSK). Every frequency in FSK corresponds to a distinct symbol or collection of bits. Higher data rates are possible with high-order FSK schemes, but they may also be more vulnerable to channel impairments and noise. 

 

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