Skip to main content

MATLAB Code for Rms Delay Spread


RMS delay spread is crucial when you need to know how much the signal is dispersed in time due to multipath propagation, the spread (variance) around the average. In high-data-rate systems like LTE, 5G, or Wi-Fi, even small time dispersions can cause ISI. RMS delay spread is directly related to the amount of ISI in such systems.

RMS Delay Spread [↗]

Delay Spread Calculator



 

The above calculator

  1. Converts Power to Linear Scale: It correctly converts the power values from decibels (dB) to a linear scale.
  2. Calculates Mean Delay: It accurately computes the mean excess delay, which is the first moment of the power delay profile.
  3. Calculates RMS Delay Spread: It correctly calculates the RMS delay spread, defined as the square root of the second central moment of the power delay profile.
 

MATLAB Code 

clc;
clear all;
close all;

% Define a practical channel based on a Tapped Delay Line (TDL) model
% This replaces the unrealistic 'randn' signal.
delays_ns = [0, 50, 120];         % Delays of each path in nanoseconds
powers_dB = [0, -3.0, -8.0];       % Power of each path in decibels

% Convert powers from dB to linear scale
powers_linear = 10.^(powers_dB / 10);

% --- Correct Calculation of RMS Delay Spread ---

% 1. Calculate the total power (sum of linear powers)
total_power = sum(powers_linear);

% 2. Calculate the Mean Excess Delay (power-weighted average delay)
mean_delay = sum(delays_ns .* powers_linear) / total_power;

% 3. Calculate the RMS Delay Spread (power-weighted standard deviation)
rms_delay_spread = sqrt(sum(((delays_ns - mean_delay).^2) .* powers_linear) / total_power);


% --- Visualization ---

% For a clearer plot, we can create a simple impulse response representation


figure;
stem(delays_ns, powers_linear, 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Power Delay Profile of a Practical Channel');
xlabel('Delay (ns)');
ylabel('Linear Power');
grid on;
ax = gca;
ax.XAxis.Limits = [-10, 150]; % Adjust axis for better visibility


% --- Display the Results ---

fprintf('Using the practical TDL model:\n');
fprintf('Mean Excess Delay: %.2f ns\n', mean_delay);
fprintf('RMS Delay Spread: %.2f ns\n', rms_delay_spread);

web('https://www.salimwireless.com/search?q=rms%20delay%20spread', '-browser'); 

Output

 

 
 
Using the practical Tapped Delay Line (TDL) model:
Mean Excess Delay: 26.56 ns
RMS Delay Spread: 37.75 ns

 

Further Reading



Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

Hybrid Beamforming | Page 1

Beamforming Techniques Hybrid Beamforming... Page 1 | Page 2 | Hybrid Beamforming: Hybrid beam formation was developed to address some of the limitations of digital pre-coding approaches. Every antenna element is connected to an RF chain in digital pre-coding (beam forming) method. We also know that each RF chain is in charge of providing a separate data stream between the transmitter and the receiver. We know that a larger number of independent data streams leads to higher data rates. It has a spatial multiplexing feature for MIMO. As a result, we may assume that switching from MIMO to massive MIMO will benefit us more in terms of spatial multiplexing in massive MIMO, where each antenna is coupled to a single RF chain. We'll proceed with a definition of hybrid beam forming. Overview of hybrid beam forming with example: Unlike digital beam forming, more than one antenna element is connected to a single RF chain in hybr...

MATLAB Code for 8-PSK, 16-PSK, ...

📘 Overview & Theory 🧮 MATLAB Code for BPSK, QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-PSK, 32-PSK 🧮 Simulator for m-ary PSK 📚 Further Reading   MATLAB Code for BPSK, QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-PSK, 32-PSK clc; clear all; close all; rng(10) M = 8; % M = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. N_Bits = 2520; Phase = 0; data_info_bit = randi([0,1],N_Bits,1); data_temp = bi2de(reshape(data_info_bit,N_Bits/log2(M),log2(M))); modData = pskmod(data_temp,M,Phase); figure(1); scatterplot(modData); channelAWGN = 15; rxData2 = awgn(modData, channelAWGN); figure(2); scatterplot(rxData2); demodData = pskdemod(rxData2,M,Phase);   for BPSK, Constellation Size, M = 2 for QPSK, M = 4 for 8-PSK, M = 8, and so on    Output Figure: 8-PSK Modulation Figure: 8-PSK Demodulation after adding AWGN Noise Using the above MATLAB code you'll able be to modulate and demodulate 2-PSK, 4-PSK, 8-PSK, 16-PSK, 32-PSK and so on.  16-PSK   Fig: 16-PSK In this above code ' M ' is the number of the conste...

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2026 PYQ ⬇️ Download Papers and Solutions 📋 Exam Pattern 💡 Preparation Tips ❓ FAQs 📊 Exam Highlights: Electronic Science (88) Feature Details Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) ₹37,000 + HRA per month Eligibility M.Sc/M.Tech in Electronics (55%) Validity of Certificate JRF (3 Years) | Lectureship (Lifetime) 📥 Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading 📂 View All Question Papers June 2025 - Question Paper Download PDF June 2025 - Solved Paper + Explanation ...

How Windowing Affects Your Periodogram

The windowed periodogram is a widely used technique for estimating the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of a signal. It enhances the classical periodogram by mitigating spectral leakage through the application of a windowing function. This technique is essential in signal processing for accurate frequency-domain analysis.   Power Spectral Density (PSD) The PSD characterizes how the power of a signal is distributed across different frequency components. For a discrete-time signal, the PSD is defined as the Fourier Transform of the signal’s autocorrelation function: S x (f) = FT{R x (Ï„)} Here, R x (Ï„)}is the autocorrelation function. FT : Fourier Transform   Classical Periodogram The periodogram is a non-parametric PSD estimation method based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT): P x (f) = \(\frac{1}{N}\) X(f) 2 Here: X(f): DFT of the signal x(n) N: Signal length However, the classical periodogram suffers from spectral leakage due to abrupt truncation of the ...

OFDM Symbols and Subcarriers Explained

This article explains how OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols and subcarriers work. It covers modulation, mapping symbols to subcarriers, subcarrier frequency spacing, IFFT synthesis, cyclic prefix, and transmission. Step 1: Modulation First, modulate the input bitstream. For example, with 16-QAM , each group of 4 bits maps to one QAM symbol. Suppose we generate a sequence of QAM symbols: s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, …, s63 Step 2: Mapping Symbols to Subcarriers Assume N sub = 8 subcarriers. Each OFDM symbol in the frequency domain contains 8 QAM symbols (one per subcarrier): Mapping (example) OFDM symbol 1 → s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 OFDM symbol 2 → s8, s9, s10, s11, s12, s13, s14, s15 … OFDM sym...

Galois Fields: GF(2) and GF(2m) and Primitive Polynomial

Galois Fields: GF(2) and GF(2 m ) 1. What is a Galois Field (GF)? A Galois Field (GF) is a finite set of elements in which the four basic arithmetic operations—addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (except by zero)— are all well defined and closed. GF(q) ⇒ a field with exactly q elements 2. The Simplest Field: GF(2) GF(2) is the smallest possible finite field and forms the foundation of all digital systems. GF(2) = {0, 1} Addition in GF(2) Addition is performed modulo 2 (XOR operation): + 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 Multiplication in GF(2) × 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 GF(2) is used in binary logic, XOR operations, and simple error-control codes. 3. Meaning of GF(2 m ) GF(2 m ) is a finite field containing exactly 2 m elements . Each element represents an m-bit symbol . Field Number of Elements GF(2) 2 GF(2²) 4 GF(2³) 8 GF(2⁸) 256 Important: GF(2 m ) is not integer arithmetic modulo 2 m . It is polynomial-based arithmetic. 4....

Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK (with MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Constellation Diagrams: ASK, FSK, and PSK Comprehensive guide to signal space representation, including interactive simulators and MATLAB implementations. 📘 Overview 🧮 Simulator ⚖️ Theory 📈 Q-function 📚 Resources BASK Modulation Transmits one of two signals: 0 or $\sqrt{E_b}$, representing binary 0 and 1. Simple but sensitive to noise. BFSK Modulation Transmits one of two signals: $\sqrt{E_b}$ on the Y-axis or $\sqrt{E_b}$ on the X-axis. These are orthogonal signals. BPSK Modulation Transmits $+\sqrt{E_b}$ or $-\sqrt{E_b}$ (antipodal signaling). Most efficient binary scheme. ...