Skip to main content

What if Carrier Frequency is greater than Sampling Frequency?


In general, to reconstruct a signal accurately, the sampling frequency must be at least twice the carrier frequency. While the Nyquist theorem provides this minimum limit, a higher sampling rate is often used to improve signal resolution.

Nyquist Criteria tells us the sampling frequency must be at least twice the highest frequency component present in the signal.

If the baseband message signal is 3 KHz, the sampling frequency must be 6 KHz or above. However, in practical scenarios or simulations, we often keep it ten times more than the message signal for better visualization. 

Similarly, for a modulated signal, we should set the sampling frequency at least twice (and ideally ten times) the carrier frequency. Some simulation examples show what happens if the sampling frequency is less than, equal to, or greater than twice the carrier frequency.

1. If the Sampling Frequency is Greater than the Carrier frequency 




2. If the Sampling Frequency is Equal to the Carrier frequency

 

 
 
 

3. If the Sampling Frequency is less than the Carrier frequency

 

 

Conclusion

Sampling frequency indicates the total number of samples available in a 1-second duration. If the sampling frequency is greater than twice the carrier frequency, the signal can be represented and reconstructed completely. However, if the sampling frequency is less than twice the carrier frequency, aliasing occurs and you will lose the information in the signal.

 

Also read about

[1] What should be the relationship among the message, carrier, and sampling frequencies?

Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...(MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Bit Error Rate (BER) & SNR Guide Analyze communication system performance with our interactive simulators and MATLAB tools. 📘 Theory 🧮 Simulators 💻 MATLAB Code 📚 Resources BER Definition SNR Formula BER Calculator MATLAB Comparison 📂 Explore M-ary QAM, PSK, and QPSK Topics ▼ 🧮 Constellation Simulator: M-ary QAM 🧮 Constellation Simulator: M-ary PSK 🧮 BER calculation for ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Approaches to BER vs SNR What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The BER indicates how many corrupted bits are received compared to the total number of bits sent. It is the primary figure of merit f...

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2026 PYQ ⬇️ Download Papers and Solutions 📋 Exam Pattern 💡 Preparation Tips ❓ FAQs 📊 Exam Highlights: Electronic Science (88) Feature Details Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) ₹37,000 + HRA per month Eligibility M.Sc/M.Tech in Electronics (55%) Validity of Certificate JRF (3 Years) | Lectureship (Lifetime) 📥 Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading 📂 View All Question Papers June 2025 - Question Paper Download PDF June 2025 - Solved Paper + Explanation ...

Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK

Interactive Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Tutorial and Simulator for ASK, FSK, and BPSK modulation techniques. Try our new Digital Signal Processing Simulator!   •   Interactive ASK, FSK, and BPSK tools updated for 2025. Start Now Digital Modulation Visualizer: ASK, FSK, & BPSK Simulator Learn and visualize binary modulation techniques (ASK, FSK, BPSK) in real-time with adjustable carrier and sampling parameters. Perfect for DSP students and engineers. 📡 ASK Simulator 📶 FSK Simulator 🎚️ BPSK Simulator 📚 More Topics ASK Modulator FSK Modulator BPSK Modulator More Topics 1. ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) Simulat...

Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK (with MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Constellation Diagrams: ASK, FSK, and PSK Comprehensive guide to signal space representation, including interactive simulators and MATLAB implementations. 📘 Overview 🧮 Simulator ⚖️ Theory Q-function 📚 Resources 📂 Other Topics: M-ary PSK & QAM Diagrams ▼ 🧮 Simulator for M-ary PSK Constellation 🧮 Simulator for M-ary QAM Constellation BASK (Binary ASK) Modulation Transmits one of two signals: 0 or -√Eb, where Eb​ is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BFSK (Binary FSK) Modulation Transmits one of two signals: +√Eb​ (On the y-axis, the phas...

UGC NET Electronic Science June 2025 Question Paper with Answer Key & Detailed Solutions

Home / UGC NET PYQ / June 2025 Solved UGC NET Electronic Science June 2025 Question Paper with Answer Key and Full Explanations 📥 Download Question Paper (PDF) 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Explanations 1. For forming a p-type semiconductor, the dopant must be a trivalent impurity (three valence electrons) so that it creates acceptor levels and holes become the majority carriers. Among the given elements, boron (B) is a group-III element (trivalent). Arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) are group-V (pentavalent) donors that produce n-type material, and germanium (Ge) is a group-IV element usually used as the semiconductor, not as an acceptor dopant. Hence, doping an intrinsic semiconductor with B produces a p-type semiconductor. 2. The ohmic resistance of a JFET at zero gate bias is given by the standard relation: R DS(on) = V P / I DSS because in the ohmic (linear) region with V GS...

BER performance of QPSK with BPSK, 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, etc (MATLAB + Simulator)

📘 Overview 📚 QPSK vs BPSK and QAM: A Comparison of Modulation Schemes in Wireless Communication 📚 Real-World Example 🧮 MATLAB Code 📚 Further Reading   QPSK provides twice the data rate compared to BPSK. However, the bit error rate (BER) is approximately the same as BPSK at low SNR values when gray coding is used. On the other hand, QPSK exhibits similar spectral efficiency to 4-QAM and 16-QAM under low SNR conditions. In very noisy channels, QPSK can sometimes achieve better spectral efficiency than 4-QAM or 16-QAM. In practical wireless communication scenarios, QPSK is commonly used along with QAM techniques, especially where adaptive modulation is applied. Modulation Bits/Symbol Points in Constellation Usage Notes BPSK 1 2 Very robust, used in weak signals QPSK 2 4 Balanced speed & reliability 4-QAM ...

1G to 5G Technology - Evolution of Wireless Generations

Cellular wireless evolution Generation Frequency band PHY features Data rate Spectral Eff. (bps/Hz) 1G 850 MHz FDMA, FM N/A N/A 2G 900 MHz, 1.8 GHz TDMA/CDMA, GMSK/QPSK, FEC, PC 10 Kbps < 1 3G 1.8–2.5 GHz CDMA, QAM 1–40 Mbps 1–8 4G 2–8 GHz OFDMA, SC-FDMA, QAM, MIMO-OFDM 100–600 Mbps 15 5G 1–6 GHz mm wave (26–28 GHz) < 1 GHz (massive IoT) visible light? massive MIMO, beamforming D2D, Full duplex, NOMA LDPC and Polar codes OFDM & variants (adapted to extremes?) multi-Gbps several tens Waveform design is the major change between the generations Mobile Wireless Generations Specifications  1G  Voice, Analog traffic, FDMA  2G  Voice, SMS, CS data ...

MATLAB Code for ASK, FSK, and PSK (with Online Simulator)

MATLAB Code for ASK, FSK, and PSK Comprehensive implementation of digital modulation and demodulation techniques with simulation results. 📘 Theory 📡 ASK Code 📶 FSK Code 🎚️ PSK Code 🕹️ Simulator 📚 Further Reading Amplitude Shift Frequency Shift Phase Shift Live Simulator ASK, FSK & PSK HomePage MATLAB Code MATLAB Code for ASK Modulation and Demodulation COPY % The code is written by SalimWireless.Com clc; clear all; close all; % Parameters Tb = 1; fc = 10; N_bits = 10; Fs = 100 * fc; Ts = 1/Fs; samples_per_bit = Fs * Tb; rng(10); binar...