Skip to main content

BER vs SNR from Channel Impulse Response in MATLAB


In this MATLAB code it is described how to calculate 'BER vs SNR' and 'SER vs SNR' from the Channel Impulse Response (CIR)

SER =  Symbol error rate

For a typical communication system, if we transmit the signal x[n], then received signal will be,

y[n] = h[n]*x[n]  + noise

Where, h[n] is channel impulse response and '*' indicates convolution operation


MATLAB Code

clc;
clear all;
close all;

% Channel Impulse Response (CIR)
channel_response = [0.85]; % Example channel impulse response coefficients
%channel_response = [0.8, 0.1];
% Modulation parameters
modulation_order = 4; % QPSK modulation
num_symbols = 1000; % Number of symbols to transmit
num_bits = 1000*log2(modulation_order);

% Signal generation
tx_symbols = randi([0, modulation_order-1], 1, num_symbols);
tx_signal = qammod(tx_symbols, modulation_order);

% Channel simulation
rx_signal = conv(tx_signal, channel_response);

% Add AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise)
snr_dB = 0:2:20;
ber = zeros(size(snr_dB));

for i = 1:length(snr_dB)
noise_power = 10^(-snr_dB(i)/10);
rx_noisy_signal = rx_signal + sqrt(noise_power) * randn(size(rx_signal));

% Receiver processing
rx_symbols = qamdemod(rx_noisy_signal, modulation_order);

% BER calculation
a = reshape(de2bi(rx_symbols(1:num_symbols)),[1,num_bits]);
b = reshape(de2bi(tx_symbols),[1,num_bits]);

ber(i) = sum(a ~= b) / num_bits;
ser(i) = sum(rx_symbols(1:1000) ~= tx_symbols) / num_symbols;
end

% Plot BER vs. SNR curve
figure(1);
semilogy(snr_dB, ber, 'o-');
xlabel('SNR (dB)');
ylabel('Bit Error Rate (BER)');
title('BER vs. SNR');

grid on;

% Plot BER vs. SNR curve
figure(2);
semilogy(snr_dB, ser, 'o-');
xlabel('SNR (dB)');
ylabel('Symbol Error Rate (BER)');
title('SER vs. SNR');

grid on;

Output

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Copy the aforementioned MATLAB Code from here 



Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

MATLAB Code for MUSIC

  MATLAB Code clc; clear; close all ; %% Step 1: Define Parameters M = 8; % Number of array sensors d = 0.5; % Sensor spacing (lambda/2) K = 2; % Number of signals N = 200; % Number of snapshots theta = [-20 30]; % True signal angles (degrees) SNR = 10; % Signal-to-noise ratio (dB) fprintf( 'Step 1: Parameters Initialized\n' ); %% Step 2: Generate Signal Sources t = 1:N; s1 = exp(1j*2*pi*0.05*t); s2 = exp(1j*2*pi*0.1*t); S = [s1; s2]; figure; plot(real(S(1,:))) title( 'Signal 1 (Real Part)' ) xlabel( 'Samples' ) ylabel( 'Amplitude' ) figure; plot(real(S(2,:))) title( 'Signal 2 (Real Part)' ) xlabel( 'Samples' ) ylabel( 'Amplitude' ) fprintf( 'Step 2: Source Signals Generated\n' ); %% Step 3: Construct Steering Matrix A = zeros(M,K); for k = 1:K A(:,k) = exp(-1j*2*pi*d*(0:M-1)'*sin(theta(k)*pi/180)); end fprintf( 'Step 3: Steering Matr...

Direction of Arrival (DoA) Online Simulator (using MUSIC)

Interactive DOA Simulator X-axis XY angle (deg): 45 XZ angle (deg): 30 Noise: 0.05 Y-axis XY angle (deg): 60 YZ angle (deg): 45 Noise: 0.05 Z-axis XZ angle (deg): 60 YZ angle (deg): 30 Noise: 0.05 Estimated DOA (deg): 0 Simulation Workflow and Mathematical Background This simulator demonstrates Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using three-axis sensor signals (X, Y, Z), Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) , and the MUSIC algorithm . It allows interactive control of signal angles and noise for teaching purposes. 1. Signal Generation A pure sinewave signal of frequency f is projected onto three axes using user-defined angles in different planes: X-axis: θ XY , θ XZ Y-axis: θ XY , θ YZ Z-axis: θ XZ , θ YZ Mathematically, for each time sample t : x(t) = s(t) * cos(θ_xy_x) * cos(θ_xz_x) + n_x(t) y(t) = s(t) * sin(θ_xy_y) * cos(θ_yz_y) + n_y(t) z(t) = s(t) * sin(θ_xz_z) * sin(θ_yz_z) + n_z(t) wh...

Theoretical BER vs SNR for BPSK

Theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) vs Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for BPSK in AWGN Channel Let’s simplify the explanation for the theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) versus Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. Key Points Fig. 1: Constellation Diagrams of BASK, BFSK, and BPSK [↗] BPSK Modulation Transmits one of two signals: +√Eb or −√Eb , where Eb is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1 . AWGN Channel The channel adds Gaussian noise with zero mean and variance N₀/2 (where N₀ is the noise power spectral density). Receiver Decision The receiver decides if the received signal is closer to +√Eb (for bit 0) or −√Eb (for bit 1) . Bit Error Rat...

MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSK, BPSK (with Simulation)

🧮 MATLAB Code for BPSK, M-ary PSK, and M-ary QAM Together 🧮 MATLAB Code for M-ary QAM 🧮 MATLAB Code for M-ary PSK 📚 Further Reading MATLAB Script for BER vs. SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSK, BPSK % Written by Salim Wireless clc; clear; close all; snr_db = -5:2:25; psk_orders = [2, 4, 8, 16, 32]; qam_orders = [4, 16, 64, 256]; ber_psk_results = zeros(length(psk_orders), length(snr_db)); ber_qam_results = zeros(length(qam_orders), length(snr_db)); for i = 1:length(psk_orders) ber_psk_results(i, :) = berawgn(snr_db, 'psk', psk_orders(i), 'nondiff'); end for i = 1:length(qam_orders) ber_qam_results(i, :) = berawgn(snr_db, 'qam', qam_orders(i)); end figure; semilogy(snr_db, ber_psk_results(1, :), 'o-', 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'DisplayName', 'BPSK'); hold on; for i = 2:length(psk_orders) semilogy(snr_db, ber_psk_results(i, :), 'o-', 'DisplayName', sprintf('%d-PSK', psk_or...

Amplitude Demodulation Simulation

Instructions for Amplitude Modulation (AM) Step 1: Click on 'Generate Message' button to generate input message signal Step 2: Then click on 'Generate Carrier' button to generate carrier signal. The carrier frequency has to be more than the message frequency and You can change frequencies using sliders Step 3: Click on 'Generate Amplitude Modulated Signal' button to generate Amplitude Modulated Signal Step 4: Click the 'Show Frequency Spectrums' button to view the AM spectra. Here, the modulation index is defined as the ratio of the message signal amplitude to the carrier signal amplitude. You can adjust both values. 50 Hz Step 1: Generate Message 500 Hz Step 2: ...

OFDM Symbols and Subcarriers Explained

This article explains how OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols and subcarriers work. It covers modulation, mapping symbols to subcarriers, subcarrier frequency spacing, IFFT synthesis, cyclic prefix, and transmission. Step 1: Modulation First, modulate the input bitstream. For example, with 16-QAM , each group of 4 bits maps to one QAM symbol. Suppose we generate a sequence of QAM symbols: s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, …, s63 Step 2: Mapping Symbols to Subcarriers Assume N sub = 8 subcarriers. Each OFDM symbol in the frequency domain contains 8 QAM symbols (one per subcarrier): Mapping (example) OFDM symbol 1 → s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 OFDM symbol 2 → s8, s9, s10, s11, s12, s13, s14, s15 … OFDM sym...

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2026 PYQ ⬇️ Download Papers and Solutions 📋 Exam Pattern 💡 Preparation Tips ❓ FAQs 📊 Exam Highlights: Electronic Science (88) Feature Details Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) ₹37,000 + HRA per month Eligibility M.Sc/M.Tech in Electronics (55%) Validity of Certificate JRF (3 Years) | Lectureship (Lifetime) 📥 Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading 📂 View All Question Papers June 2025 - Question Paper Download PDF June 2025 - Solved Paper + Explanation ...