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Beamforming in 5G, Wi-Fi, and Others | Implementation



Implementation of Beamforming Technique in Wireless Communication and  Future work


Beamforming is a technique for sending a signal further away from the receiver without raising the transmitter's transmission power. Beamforming is employed everywhere that we want to transmit our signal to a long-distance receiver, from radar communication to deep-space communication. In the instance of deep space communication, we use a laser beam to send our signal millions of miles away.

An omnidirectional antenna radiates its power uniformly around the antenna. 0 dBi is the gain of an omnidirectional isotropic antenna. However, we acquire better gain with directional antennas than with omnidirectional antennas. It also can send a signal in a specific direction with greater power and across a greater distance.

If we achieve the directional antenna gain of 6dB for a standard directional antenna system, the signal will travel twice the distance covered without beamforming.



Applications of Beamforming in Wireless Communication


In WLAN Applications

Beamforming is a technique used in Wi-Fi technology, particularly in routers. MIMO technology is also used to provide users with numerous communication channels or to allow several users to connect to the internet from the same router.

In Ground Stations

Beamforming is important in satellite communication, deep space communication, and other applications. We can't fathom delivering a radio signal thousands of miles away from a ground station on Earth without sending a powerful narrow beam. The direction of the beam is also crucial in this case. For example, big parabolic antennas capable of producing a stronger, narrower beam are used in ground stations to connect with satellites or aircraft.


In Modern Cellular 5G Networks  

We use incredibly high-frequency hands in 5G, as you know. Signal power loss in free space communication is inversely proportional to the operational frequency band. In the case of 5G path loss, the atmospheric loss is also included. Oxygen, vapor, and other molecules in the atmosphere easily absorb extremely high-frequency bands. As a result, beamforming is required to focus signal at a 5G user's device so that data packets can be received with good signal strength. Due to inadequate signal strength, we will be unable to connect devices to cell towers or access points if beamforming is not used in 5G communication. Beamforming, on the other hand, is well suited to energy harvesting. When communication is required, it only focuses beams toward the desired user's device.

Beamforming is a critical technique for enabling 5G. As a result, various studies on beamforming in 5G have been conducted, particularly on massive MIMO, which is capable of producing narrower beams. Massive MIMO provides a narrower or finer beam immediately adjacent to the antenna elements. Because beamforming is nothing more than the result of several antennas transmitting the same signal. Where the signal amplitude is also a resultant value and the beam is focused in the resultant phase direction of all signals.



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