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Present and Future Wireless Communication Systems


1. Overview of 5G:

Looking back in time, we can see that we have adopted a new evolution or G in each decade. We were first introduced to 4G technology in 2010. However, we now need to make some changes to our current network. We're looking for two things in particular: 1. A network that is extremely dense, and 2. Broadband connectivity through cellular networks. Around 2020, 5G technology was commercialized. By 2025, it is anticipated that extensive adaption will be achievable. [Read More about 5G]


2. Limitations of 4G LTE:

Previously, with 4G LTE, a single base station (BS) could connect hundreds of devices at once. In the current situation, we need to expand the capacity of our system. Because the amount of bandwidth needed by various devices is continually rising. Every decade, it grows by a factor of 1000. As a result, every ten years, an entirely new evolution of G is required. [Read More]


3. The reason of the increasing data demand:

The number of wireless devices is increasing every day, yet the internet-based services, such as self-driving cars, streaming ultra-high-definition video, andIoTsensors, need both high data rates and extremely low latency to function in real time. Between 2011 and 2022, mobile data traffic will increase at a compound annual growth rate of 46%. It would have reached 2.58 exabytes (EB) daily by 2022. Statistics show that by 2022, the amount of internet protocol (IP) traffic worldwide is expected to exceed 4.8 zettabytes (ZBs) annually.


4. High data rates and more connections are offered to users with 5G:

Thousands of devices per square kilometer are projected to be supported by 5G. We urgently require it since the number of internet-connected devices, IoTs, and PDAs is continuously expanding, necessitating a large amount of bandwidth to operate them. Because 5G employs extremely high frequency or millimeter wave, it is capable of doing so. Previously, we've seen bandwidth allotment of roughly 2GHz per channel in WI PAN applications employing the 60 GHz millimeter wave spectrum. In the case of a cellular 5G network, we will now ‎utilize‎ this millimeter wave spectrum. That is very incredible. We'll use massive MIMO to make better use of the spectrum resource because millimeter wave has a lot of promise for greater bandwidth. Massive MIMO is an excellent way to boost system capacity even more. Using those incredible core technologies, we've almost reached the Shannon limit in 5G communication.

Our economy will be greatly impacted by 5G. Automation may be seen in a variety of sectors and industries. Machine-to-machine communication, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality will all be common in the future. We will be able to control machines from afar and in real time. For many years, internet-connected high-speed vehicles, such as bullet trains, have been a major source of concern. Everything is feasible thanks to the ultra-low latency of the 5G millimeter wave spectrum. Communication latency will be decreased to 1 ms in 5G, compared to 40 ms in 4G.

Although 5G has a lot of potential, it also has several drawbacks, such as a complex channel model (sparse channel matrix), high propagation path loss, and so on. We've talked about a lot of problems and potential remedies.


5. Upcoming Wireless Mobile Generations, Millimeter Wave Band, and Massive MIMO: 
 
We are consistently upgrading our cellular wireless network's generation(G in telecom) and the IEEE body is releasing new WLAN technology, all to satisfy the demand for high data traffic from various internet-connected devices. As a result, we're moving to 5G, The essential technology for 5G connectivity is the millimeter wave (mmWave) band. The frequency range for mm-Wave is 30 to 300 GHz. To address the rising demand for data traffic on a worldwide scale, other spectrum bands need to be investigated. The millimeter wave band with massive MIMO antenna allows for a directed and narrow beam, which boosts the received signal power to an adequate level. Wi-Max, and other technologies to give greater connectivity to the fast-growing number of internet-connected devices. The fundamental goal of upgrading communication systems or the evolution of G is to offer enough bandwidth for all devices to connect with BSs seamlessly (due to the large amount of bandwidth available in the mm-wave band,Ultra-Wide Band (UWB),or microwave link communication) as well as to improve bandwidth efficiency (by applying new modulation techniques or designing antenna more properly for those systems, etc.).

The maximum bandwidth of the LTE cellular system, which operates at a sub-6 GHz operating frequency, is 200 MHz. However, WPAN, which operates in the 60 GHz unsilenced millimeter wave range, can give each channel a bandwidth of 2 GHz. The ITU classifies the millimeter wave band, which spans frequencies from 30 to 300 GHz, as extremely high frequency (or EHF). It is referred to as a millimeter wave since its wavelength varies from 1 millimeter to 10 millimeter. By providing high data rate wireless communication, where traffic from mobile and wireless devices will account for 71% of overall IP traffic, millimeter wave with massive MIMO will be crucial in meeting these demands.

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Also read about

[1] 1G to 5G Technology - Evolution ofMobile Wireless Generations
[2] Important Wireless Communication Terms

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  Interests: Signal Processing, Telecommunication, 5G Technology, Present & Future Wireless Technologies, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Networks, Millimeter Wave Band Channel, Web Development
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